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3 Reasons I Chose To Be a Generalist

Dr Erwin Kwun

Before attending medical school, I aspired to become a generalist. At medical school, my view of General Practice changed. Medical school influenced my choice towards specialist pathway. At the time, specialty seemed to be a compelling choice. Specialty is more appealing than General Practice. Generalists are often underappreciated for their work and their vital role in the NHS. The attitude towards GP made me re-think my career choice.

Considering Ophthalmology

My plan was to become an eye surgeon. I built my CV to work as an ophthalmologist. Ophthalmology is a highly competitive specialty and requires a large commitment. I sat Duke Elder’s examination, presented at conferences, published a research paper on inter-examiner variation in virtual glaucoma clinic and attended microsurgical course. Ophthalmologists need to have very good control of their hand movements and work with precision because they carry out delicate operation of the eyes. I realized that my bimanual dexterity was not great. Could I improve my bimanual dexterity with practice? Sure, I could but it was far from being my strength. The neck and hand aches after practicing simple procedures on a dummy eye made me think of the practical aspects of being a surgeon. The microsurgical skill course gave me a taste of what I would be doing as an ophthalmic surgeon. I found out that I didn’t enjoy it. I firmly believe it’s important to consider a career you enjoy and that plays to your strength. By fulfilling these two criteria, chances are you would be happy with your career choice.

Working in Community

After working in hospital for a year, I got a GP placement in my second year. It was a change to work as a doctor in community. I really enjoyed working outside of the hospital setting running my own clinic. This experience made me re-consider GP as a career.

1. Variety of General Practice

I wanted a career that enabled me to practice the breath of medicine. Being a generalist enables me to see patients from all walk of life. The life cycle of human from cradle to grave is fascinating to see. No two days are the same. The excitement of general practice comes with the wide range of conditions I encounter in a day. I’m always learning something new from the interaction with my patients. Variety is indeed the spice of life.

2. The Diagnostic Challenge

I enjoy the detective work involved in gathering each piece of the puzzle when a patient presents with a new problem. It is interesting to listen to the patient’s narrative and elicit their thoughts, concerns and expectation. It is rewarding to apply my knowledge and solve the diagnostic challenge from first principle. In the community, we do not have full access to investigations available in hospital setting. Sometimes, we need input from specialists who may have more expertise about a specific condition.

3. Health

When I put things in perspective, the life of a generalist seemed balance. My time and sleep are things I value enormously. Hospital doctors are rostered to work night, weekend and bank holidays with little control over their time. Having experienced the negative consequences of working nights first hand I didn’t want that long term. Sleep disorder takes a toll on a person’s health and wellbeing. I value a career which gave me control of my night and weekend.

Conclusion

Choosing to specialise or generalise is a choice that should be weighed carefully. After considering specialisation, my choice to become a generalist has come full circle. I haven’t looked back at that decision. I have begun to realise the GP has an ability to see the bigger picture clearly while the specialist often has a narrower perspective. Generalists are well positioned to recommend patients treatments that suit their needs knowing their personal, family and social circumstances. The great generalists know the limit to their depth of knowledge and are happy to learn and seek advice from specialists. I’m happy that I’ve decided to become a generalist because the career suits me well. Being a generalist is not for everyone. I’m fortunate to love what I do and it is a real honour to be a core generalist.

What You Need to Know About Kindness

Kindness

Can you remember how it felt when you experienced an act of kindness? We take notice when kindness is shown to us because it creates a positive impact to our wellbeing. Kindness is not only beneficial to the receiver but the person practicing kindness also reaps some of the benefits. Research has shown it enhances psychological wellbeing, life satisfaction and longevity.

Common misunderstanding

Being friendly, considerate and compassionate are important human qualities. Some people don’t distinguish between kindness and weakness. They imagine a kind person as someone who is easily taken advantage of by others. This is far from what research shows. Expressing kindness often requires courage and strength in a society so deficient of this virtue. Cultivating kindness does not mean to be weak or naive. Kindness and being strong are not mutually exclusive. If someone tries to abuse your kindness, it’s important to stay firm and not to allow others overstep boundaries. Kindness starts with being kind to yourself.

Kindness is a language which the deaf can hear and the blind can see.

Mark Twain

Kindness is an innate ability among humans. Research conducted by Dr. Michael Tomasello of the Max Planck Institute, has shown children are naturally cooperative and helpful from an early age. For example, if you drop something in front of a 2-year old, she is likely to pick it up for you. Being kind is an innate tendency we possess.

Kindness is contagious. Someone who sees an act of kindness being performed can be deeply moved. The warm glow feeling we get from witnessing human goodness inspires us to be kind to others. A random act of kindness can have a ripple effect. It can be a simple gesture that doesn’t cost anything. Give a stranger a genuine compliment, offer someone your pen or send an encouraging email to a colleague.

Self-compassion

According to Kristen Neff, self-kindness is one of the three core elements of self-compassion along with common humanity and mindfulness. If we keep drawing compassion from an empty well, we are at risk of compassion fatigue. One of the hardest things to do is being kind to yourself. You also deserve generosity, kindness and compassion to refill your well. People rarely express self-kindness because they believe it is being easy and complacent. When we are harsh and overcritical, we cause unnecessary suffering and take a self-destructive approach.

In contrast, self-compassion enables someone to be more constructive. To calm your inner critic, replace it with the same kindness, warmth and understanding that you would to a friend who is struggling with a similar situation.

A simple practice

It is vital to treat yourself well in difficult times. Self-compassion gives us support when we most need it. You can try this simple practice without anybody knowing. It starts with a shift in your mindset. Flip the narrative from “poor me, I’m not good enough” to “suffering is part of life, may I be kind to myself in this moment.” 

If you want to learn more about practicing self-compassion, watch this 5-minute video guide.

Living a Purposeful Life

purpose

Most people go about with their life and do not ask themselves important questions about their dreams. Guess what was the most common regret dying people express? I wish I’d had the courage to live a life true to myself, not the life others expected of me. This was the most common regret people had on their deathbed. It took them almost a lifetime before realising they did not fulfill their dreams due to the choices they had made. If you are reading this article, you have time to avoid the deep regret that comes knowing your dreams were unfulfilled.

The purpose of life is not to be happy. It is to be useful, to be honourable, to be compassionate, to have it make some difference that you have lived and lived well.

Ralph Waldo Emerson

Living in alignment

Living a purposeful life is something I value enormously. When I was younger, I worried about pleasing others. My worries of what others think caused me to do things to please others. Then, I learnt not to care as much about what others might think. I realized that pleasing others prevented me from living a life true to myself. Being a people pleaser was unhealthy because I consistently put others needs above my own. Pleasing others at your expense is not only a disservice to you but an invitation for others to keep taking advantage of you. You give others power to choose for you. The choices others make for you are often misaligned with your core values. Incongruency creeps in and before you know it, you have created inner conflicts that suppress your true self. Your thoughts, feelings and behaviours are in complete misalignment. You may not even recognise yourself. If you don’t stand by your values, nobody else will. Other people are too busy living their own lives to care about what you do.

Choosing courage

It took me a lot of courage to talk in front of the camera. I worried what people would think and was reluctant to start my YouTube channel. I procrastinated for months before I finally decided to publish my first video. I’m so glad I did it anyway. This project is in complete alignment to a mission I care, improving doctor’s wellbeing. I know I would have regrets had I not started this project.

Most people will never find their purpose because they are not even trying. It may be hard to figure out your purpose if you have different interests and passions. Perhaps, you feel lost and don’t know where to start. That’s natural, everyone feels lost on their journey. It takes time, efforts and determination to find your purpose.

Finding your purpose

First, you need to ask yourself who do you want to be? If you don’t know where to start you could start by pursuing one of your interests. Learn, serve and contribute in an area of interest. Once you have gained sufficient experience, you will know if this is something you want to keep doing, or you may decide to move to something else. What you started with may change over time and you may find yourself with something different. Most people try different things before they discover their true purpose. Knowing and embracing your purpose gives a sense of meaning to life. People with a strong sense of purpose lead a fulfilling life. They enjoy positive emotions and greater life satisfaction. When you have assigned yourself a life mission, you have something to look forward to every day. That mission causes you to jump out of bed every morning. You feel part of something bigger than yourself.

Envision yourself being presented with a lifetime achievement award at the age of 80-year-old in recognition of what you have accomplished. What will your biggest contribution to the world be?

3 Steps to Achieve Flow

surfing

Can you remember a moment when you experienced effortless focus while doing something that you were completely absorbed, that time stood still? Athletes call it being in “The Zone.” Psychologists have studied this mental state which they call flow. Csikszentmihalyi, author of Flow: The Psychology of Optimal Experience described “The flow experience has the potential to make life more rich, intense, and meaningful; it is good because it increases the strengths and complexity of the self.” 

Flow is defined as the intense experiential involvement in moment-to-moment activity, which can be either physical or mental. Attention is fully invested in the task at hand and the person functions at her or his fullest capacity.

If you keep getting interrupted, you cannot achieve the state of deep concentration needed to be in flow. My 3-step approach to achieve flow:

1. Quiet the mind

The subconscious mind is pre-occupied about tasks we have not completed. It works in the background to help us plan tasks. Being aware that attention is limited and finite, I write down and schedule what’s on my mind, so I don’t have to worry about remembering. I know if I don’t, it will deplete my attention and energy. When you write down a thought, you extract and capture it on paper. This process stops your mind from allocating attention and energy to that thought.

2. Remove distractions

Being constantly interrupted is a sure-fire way to kill flow. Our brain does not work well with distractions. I’m sure you are familiar with the buzz from your smartphone that triggers you to check your screen. Whenever you encounter an interruption, your brain must disengage with what it was doing and engage the distraction. After the distraction, it takes time for the brain to re-engage back in what you were doing. This process requires effort and is taxing to the brain. The conditions in my environment play a significant part to get in a state of flow. I optimise my environment by taking care of anything that might distract me. I switch my smartphone on airplane mode, clear my desk of things that distract me, quit email applications and adjust the thermostat in the room.

3. Focus is key to achieve flow

I take a moment to anticipate my needs. I drink water to stay hydrated, take a deep breath in and exhale. The deep breathing primes the brain to be in the present moment. I stretch my body to increase my energy levels. I concentrate completely on the task at hand. To drop in a state of flow, it’s crucial to be able to focus your attention and be completely absorbed by the activity.

Nine elements you need to achieve flow

Csikszentmihalyi has identified nine elements required for the flow experience:


1) balance of challenges vs. skills- If the challenge is too demanding compared to your skill level, you get frustrated. If it is too easy, you get bored. In a flow experience, you feel engaged by the challenge, but not overwhelmed because of an equal balance between the skill level and the challenge.


2) merging of action and awareness- the mind wanders, you often think about something that happened or might happen. In flow, you are completely immersed by what you do. Your thought and action are combined.


3) clear goals- a clear purpose and good grasp of what you want to accomplish


4) unambiguous feedback- clear and immediate evaluation of the process


5) complete concentration- if you want to experience flow, you need to be in complete concentration. In other words, you exclude unnecessary distractions and focus on the relevant activity


6) loss of self-consciousness- the experience of letting go of the self. When you are immersed in an activity, you feel connected to the activity and the self disappears.


7) sense of control- an absolute sense of personal control. You know what has to be done and you just do it.


8) transformation of time- when you are intensely engaged in the moment you become unaware of the passage of time.


9) activity for the sake of activity- the activity in itself is intrinsically rewarding

Conclusion

Being in flow enhances the momentary experience we live and contributes to our happiness and success. Flow can boost productivity while injecting a sense of enjoyment to the activities you do. You can use flow to learn a new skill, in sports or even your workplace. Achieving a state of flow enables a person to do extraordinary things.

How to Be Happier?

Happy woman

Most people miss opportunities that can bring moment of joy and happiness everyday because they don’t appreciate good things happening to them. Gratitude (Great Attitude) is a pathway to happiness many of us don’t practice. I know what you are thinking. Give me a break! Gratitude is so cliché. Let me run through a couple of questions we all experience and tell me if this sounds like you. 

Do you focus on things you don’t have?
Do you think you will be happy if you have more?

You probably answered yes to both questions like most of us. Sometimes, we don’t realise the good things and people in our life. We start to take them for granted. We often get caught up in things that don’t go our way. Before we know it, we have sabotaged our own happiness.

The hedonic treadmill

Humans adapt to the good things in life quickly and do not appreciate what we have. We don’t realise the true value of many things in life until we lose them. It becomes a pattern that causes us to overlook everyday beauty and positive things. We are busy chasing the next big thing. We fall into the trap that the grass is always greener on the other side. Envy is a natural emotion every human being experiences. We can’t help comparing ourself to other people who have more. As a result, we frequently miss opportunities of happiness and connection.

Emmons & McCullough define gratitude as a two-step process. Firstly, “recognizing that one has obtained a positive outcome” and then secondly “recognizing that there is an external source for this positive outcome.”

A powerful gratitude practice

Three Good Things is a gratitude practice developed by Professor Martin Seligman. It involves recounting three positive things and considering the sources of each goodness. Writing down the Three Good Things counteract hedonic adaptation and promotes the savouring of positive life experiences and situations. Instead of constantly dwelling on negative things, the practice of gratitude magnifies positive things in our lives. This could be waking up to a new day, a stranger letting the door open or someone offering you a cup of tea. If you want to learn how to get rid of common toxic thoughts pattern, read Free Yourself From These 3 Toxic Thought Patterns

Gratitude journal

Keeping a gratitude journal enables us to cultivate gratitude consistently. You might think oh journaling is not for me. It takes so much effort. I don’t want to sit down and think about the past. A pen and paper can serve as a powerful life tool. When you write down your thoughts and emotions, you get to learn more about yourself. It offers you a glimpse into your working mind like no other method can. 
 Write down what went well in details, reflect on the experience and feelings the events made you feel at the time and later. Write down why you think an event happened and if people were involved. The exercise can buffer negative thoughts especially when you have a bad day. Cultivating gratitude allowed me to refocus my mind on the positive that came from these events.

For example: I faced some IT problems that prevented me from printing scripts or letters from my computer. As a result, it delayed my clinic and caused much irritation. I had to ask someone else to print the documents several times. During my break, I phoned one of the admin staff about the problem who offered to come down promptly and the problem was solved. I was grateful someone kindly came to sort the situation. Three Good Things required some efforts, but I found it easier as I kept at it. For a step-by-step guide of the Three Good Things visit The Greater Good Science Center

Conclusion

Research has shown gratitude had lasting positive effects on health and wellbeing over time. Cultivating gratitude is a great way to capture and savour moments that would have otherwise been dismissed. If you want to increase your levels of happiness, optimism and hope Three Good Things might be the gratitude practice for you.

From Dream to Reality

Big dream

A little over a decade ago, I had a dream. It was to become a doctor. I was good at science and was up for a challenge. Back then, I didn’t know whether I could make it or not. Growing up, I didn’t have much confidence talking to people. That dream seemed unreachable to realise. My mentor believed in me when I didn’t know what possibilities existed. I set out a goal to work on my dream. My family supported me to run with it. I had a fire in my belly and took a series of actions to make it happen. Competition to get into medicine was fierce and I was ready to put in the work and time needed.

Getting into Medical school

I applied to four Universities through UCAS and hoped to get in. Two Universities invited me for interview. The first interview didn’t go well because I didn’t prepare enough. What seemed to be a failure from the the first interview became an invaluable preparation for my second interview. I learnt from my mistakes and spent more time to practice for the second interview. Three out of the four Universities rejected my application. The rejections were disappointing. I waited the last University to respond and hoped for the best. I was one offer away from my dream. A few weeks later, I received a phone call. Someone from Manchester Medical School admission informed me I was offered a seat. I almost lost faith until that phone call. I still remember the conversation like yesterday.

The reality of being a doctor

As a young college student, I didn’t really know what I signed myself up for. Getting in Medical School was only the start. I re-invented myself at University and stepped outside my comfort zone. I enrolled in public speaking course, volunteered and talked to more people. It takes patience, perseverance and hard work to become a doctor. The long hours, night shifts, and lack of sleep were disturbing. The first year working as a doctor was a steep learning curve. There were days when I asked myself whether I had made the right choice. I’m glad I didn’t quit even when the going got tough. I learnt to prioritise my wellbeing and continued my journey.

If you can dream it, you can do it.

Walt Disney

Without perseverance, hard work and support from family and friends my dream would not have come to fruition. Sometimes, we might think there are giant obstacles on the roads to our dreams and feel like quitting. Most people quit on their dreams without even starting. If you are reading this article, perhaps you have a dream and have put it on hold or you have talked yourself out of it. I’d like to ask you an important question and I want you to be honest with yourself. What is your dream and what are you doing about it?

Circle of Competence: How Warren Buffett Makes Decisions

ripple

The concept the “circle of competence” was developed by Warren Buffett and Charlie Munger to focus on investing in areas they knew best and avoiding areas they didn’t understand.

In his 1996 letter to Berkshire Hathaway, Buffett explained the concept:

What an investor needs is the ability to correctly evaluate selected businesses. Note that word “selected”: You don’t have to be an expert on every company, or even many. You only have to be able to evaluate companies within your circle of competence. The size of that circle is not very important; knowing its boundaries, however, is vital.

Allocating limited resources

The circle of competence mental model is useful beyond the world of investing. It is applicable in every aspect of life. While you may not consider yourself an investor, you allocate time and attention in every activity you undertake daily. Most of us do not think much about how we allocate our limited time and attention. If we treat the allocation of our limited resources as investment, we can utilize our time, energy and attention more effectively.

Your circle of competence

Understanding your circle of competence is key in identifying and selecting opportunities that match your knowledge, skills and expertise. In other words, when you understand what you know and what you don’t, you are able to decide where you devote your time. Importantly, you recognize when something is outside of the perimeter of your competence and are never afraid to say

I don’t know.

However, when an opportunity within your circle of competence presents itself, you can confidently make a decision to allocate your resources knowing you have an edge. You want to keep learning and slowly expand that circle.

You can learn more on making better decisions in this article Better Decisions: 3 Time-Tested Mental Frameworks

Conclusion

It is vital to understand the boundaries of your circle of competence if you want to succeed. I hope you enjoyed this article. I will let Tom Watson Sr., Founder of IBM, conclude this week email with one of his brilliant quotes:

“I’m no genius. I’m smart in spots—but I stay around those spots.”

Lifelong Learning

surgery

Schooling is an important process that imparts knowledge and develops skills. Most people associate learning with formal education. While education typically ends after one graduates university, learning doesn’t stop after formal education. Learning is not confined to the four walls of a classroom but takes place throughout life in different environments.

Lifelong learning in the medical field

In my world, approximately half of what I have learnt at University is not valid today. In the medical field, facts have short half-life. The knowledge we considered as fact several years or a decade ago expires with new discovery.

Prior to 1982, the scientific community considered stress and lifestyle problems as the main causes of peptic ulcer disease and gastritis. Dr Marshall and Dr Warren challenged the medical doctrine and rejected the existing knowledge at the time considered as fact. Their curiosity and relentless pursuit to learn resulted in the discovery of the bacterium Helicobacter pylori and its role in gastritis and peptic ulcer disease. The pair’s finding radically changed our understanding and overturned previous view. Dr Marshall and Dr Warren jointly won the Nobel Prize in Medicine 2005 for their discovery.

Doctors are lifelong learners who dedicate their time to enhance their understanding and be up to date with current knowledge. They ask questions, reflect on existing knowledge and sometimes challenge the status quo. The COVID-19 pandemic is an example of the rapid changes in scientific knowledge which require constant learning. New articles on the SARS-COV 2 virus are published in peer-reviewed journals weekly. A doctor needs to know the latest scientific knowledge to practice evidence-based medicine.

How to become a lifelong learner?

The opportunities to further one’s knowledge and develop new skills throughout life are endless. We can learn from reading journals and books, listening to podcasts and watching educational videos. You cannot learn to swim by reading a book and staying dry. You got to dip your body in the water. Learning is an active process and there is no substitute to personal experience. We learn not only from our experiences but from the experiences of others.

Surgeon William Halsted is believed to have introduced the maxim: “See one, do one, and teach one”. Halsted’s traditional method of learning is still in use in the medical field. In other words, the three steps of acquiring a new skill involves:

  1. See one-observation of someone performing a procedure(Shadow)
  2. Do one-perform the procedure under supervision (Direct feedback and experience)
  3. Teach one-teach others reinforce the teacher’s learning (Understand the How and why and pass the knowledge on)

Conclusion

Learning is an enriching process that has infinite upside. The road to success is lifelong learning. Successful people are lifelong learners who are always improving themselves. I’m going to let Charlie Munger conclude this article on lifelong learning with one of his brilliant quotes “Go to bed smarter than when you woke up.”

Better Decisions: 3 Time-Tested Mental Frameworks

decision making

We make thousands of decisions every day, yet most of us have not been taught how to make better decision. Doctors make critical decisions daily. The consequences of these decisions impact upon the lives of people. Sometimes, the quality of decision determines outcomes between life and death. 

Making decision is a complex process that requires an ability to process relevant information, apply diverse mental frameworks and exercise sound judgement. We are going to discuss 3 frameworks every great thinker carries in his toolkit to make better decisions.

Are you a lateral thinker?

Doctors are trained to approach problem in a selective, analytical, and sequential way. They are conditioned to think vertically. We will get into logical and linear reasoning in a moment.

Can we use vertical thinking to tackle every single problem?

As the adage goes “If your only tool is a hammer, then every problem looks like a nail.” Applying vertical thinking to every problem is like pounding everything with a hammer.

Lateral thinking is a term coined by Edward de Bono. He described an approach that rejects the ‘status quo’ of ideas and conceives new creative ways to address challenges. In other words, lateral thinking is to move away from conventional line of reasoning and embrace creative solutions by thinking outside the box. An inquisitive mind is crucial to think laterally. Innovations in medicine often stem from lateral thinking.

Lateral thinking in medicine

Prior to the 1982 discovery of the bacterium Helicobacter pylori, the prevailing scientific knowledge considered stress and lifestyle problems as the main causes of peptic ulcer disease and gastritis. Dr Marshall and Dr Warren challenged the medical doctrine and rejected the status quo. Marshall’s approach in proving that H. pylori caused inflammation of the stomach gives us a glimpse of lateral thinking in action. He deliberately infected himself by swallowing a culture of the bacterium and developed gastritis. Marshall underwent endoscopy and stomach biopsy. The presence of H.pylori in the tissue samples proved the causative effect of the bacterium.

The discovery of the bacterium Helicobacter pylori and its role in gastritis and peptic ulcer disease radically changed our  understanding and overturned previous view. Dr Marshall and Dr Warren jointly won the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 2005 for their discovery. The recognition of peptic ulcer disease as an infectious disorder has opened the way to a simple cure by eradicating the causative agent. A key component of the pair’s breakthrough is credited to their ability to think laterally.

Thinking outside the box

lateral thinking

You probably know Leonardo da Vinci for his painting of The Mona Lisa. This masterpiece was undoubtedly a product of lateral thinking. Da vinci possessed an incredibly inquisitive mind and did not limit himself to one discipline. He combined interdisciplinary knowledge from anatomy, botany and mathematics in his paintings, experiments and inventions. In other words, he thrived being a generalized specialist.

Second-order thinking

“Failing to consider second- and third-order consequences is the cause of a lot of painfully bad decisions, and it is especially deadly when the first inferior option confirms your own biases. Never seize on the first available option, no matter how good it seems, before you’ve asked questions and explored.”—Ray Dalio

second order thinking

In Thinking Fast And Slow book, Daniel Kahneman described two systems of thinking: system 1 and system 2. First order thinking is simple and easy. It is driven by system 1 thinking which is intuitive, fast and emotional. Most people are first order thinkers. They solve for immediate problems without thinking of the 2nd, 3rd or Nth order consequences.

Second order thinkers look past the immediate consequences of a decision. They consider the long-term consequences of a decision, analyse the impacts of an intervention at a micro and a macro level. Second-order thinkers see things that others can’t see. They see upstream, downstream and avoid potentially negative consequences by anticipating and planning their next moves. Second order thinking involves system 2 thinking which is more deliberative and more logical. It takes a lot of effort to become a second-order thinker. Many people don’t engage system 2 and rely only on system 1. Kicking the can down the road hoping the problem will go away delays dealing with a serious problem.

Examples

First order thinking: “After a long shift at work, let’s eat a chocolate bar and watch Netflix. I’ve earned it.”
Consequence: You satisfy your craving at the expense of sabotaging your health by choosing a sedentary lifestyle.

Second order thinking: “I’ve had a long shift at work, let’s go for a run and get some fresh air.”
Consequence: You understand the benefits of movement to your body and develop a healthy post-work routine. This choice may seem difficult in the short term.

System 1 thinking is an effective model for most decisions we make every day. Many unimportant decisions can be processed with first order thinking. It is intuitive and effortless.

If we didn’t use system 1 thinking and only applied system 2 thinking for every decision, life would be impractical.

System 2 thinking is more effortful and slower. We benefit from applying it in our most important decisions.

Why do we need to consider the worst case scenario?

worst case scenario

Scenario planning is an invaluable tool good decision maker can’t ignore. Being optimistic about the future doesn’t mean you should ignore the worst-case scenario. Considering the worst-case scenario helps in managing risks should a potential disaster emerge. The thought process of conceiving the worst possible outcome enables you to develop contingency plans to prepare for the worst. Nobody knows what the future holds. Planning for the worst-case scenario is taking measures to mitigate unnecessary risks.

Conclusion

Good outcome doesn’t always follow good decision. Sometimes, a good decision can lead to a negative outcome. While we can’t control every outcome we can control every decision we make. We make tons of decision every day that shape our life. What separate great decision makers from the pack is their ability to apply diverse frameworks to consistently make good decisions with sound judgement.

3 Tips To Improve Your Productivity

Productivity

Have you ever found yourself running late? It happens to all of us. The other day at work, I saw a patient with chest pain and it took me half an hour to arrange hospital admission.  Sometimes, we need to spend extra time to manage patient with complex needs. This may well delay the rest of the clinic. We might not control what comes through the door but we can control our productivity. If you want to do more with less, this article is for you. By the end of this article, you will learn three productivity tips to gain more time and more energy.

Productivity Tip #1 Adjust your cursor speed

This is easy to implement. Most of us have our computer mouse cursor speed set at a default speed. Chances are the default setting is slowing your navigation process to move the cursor from one side to the other. You can increase the speed of your mouse cursor to a faster setting for better performance. This simple adjustment will save you time and energy each time you use your mouse. Go to mouse settings and increase the pointer speed.

Productivity Tip #2 Learn to type faster

A significant chunk of our time goes in documenting consultation in the patient’s record. This is typically performed by typing on a computer keyboard. Imagine how efficient you would be if you could type faster and with fewer errors. The speed at which a person types can be improved with training. A few hours of practice can increase a person’s speed from 30 to 70 Words per minute. A free resource you can use to type faster with more accuracy is Keybr. Typing accurately reduces the use of time and energy in correcting typing errors.

Productivity Tip #3 Learn to speed read

Increase your reading speed without losing comprehension. We often read endless discharge letters, patients’ records, reports of investigations and so on everyday. It is time consuming to read so many texts. Imagine the benefits of reading faster. Like typing, reading is a skill you can learn to be faster. The first technique is to highlight the line you read to guide your eyes. You could also use your finger to guide your gaze. The second technique is to limit your eye movements to the center of the text. We typically read by scanning our gaze left, center and right. By limiting the range of eye movement and focusing on the center, we can train our peripheral vision to read text at borders without having to scan from margin to margin. You therefore reduce the saccadic eye movements and process information faster.

Building and embedding good habits are key components to be consistently productive. These 3 productivity tips will enable you to do more with less only if you apply them. By combining all three practical tips, you can make significant gain in productivity and be better equipped next time your clinic runs late.